Ikhowudi yebha ye-2D(ikhowudi yebha ye-2-dimensional) irekhoda ulwazi lwesimboli yedatha usebenzisa i-graphics emnyama namhlophe esasazwa kwinqwelomoya (icala lesibini) ngokwemigaqo ethile kwijometri enikeziweyo. Kuqulunqo lwekhowudi, iikhonsepthi ze ' 0 ' kunye ' 1 ' bit streams, ezenza isiseko sengqiqo yangaphakathi yekhompyutha, zisetyenziswa ngobuchule. Iimilo ezininzi zejometri ezihambelana nokubini zisetyenziselwa ukumela ulwazi lwamanani lokubhaliweyo, kwaye ulwazi luqhutyelwa ngokuzenzekelayo ukufundwa ngokuzenzekelayo kwesixhobo segalelo lomfanekiso okanye isixhobo sokuskena sombane. Inezinye iimpawu eziqhelekileyo zeteknoloji yekhowudi yebha : ikhowudi nganye inesethi yayo ethile. Umlinganiswa ngamnye unobubanzi obuthile. Inomsebenzi othile wokuqinisekisa. Kwangaxeshanye, ikwanomsebenzi wokuqatshelwa okuzenzekelayo kwemiqolo eyahlukeneyo yolwazi kunye nokusetyenzwa kwemizobo yokutshintsha amanqaku.
Ikhowudi ye-2D yifomati yekhowudi yebha ephezulu kakhulu kunekhowudi ye-1d. Ikhowudi ye-1d inokuchaza kuphela ulwazi kwicala elinye (ngokuqhelekileyo ulwalathiso oluthe tye), ngelixa ikhowudi ye-2d inokugcina ulwazi kwiindlela zombini ezithe tye kunye nezithe nkqo. Ikhowudi ye-1d inokuqulunqwa kuphela ngamanani kunye neeleta, ngelixa ikhowudi ye-2d inokugcina ulwazi olufana nabalinganiswa baseTshayina, amanani kunye nemifanekiso, ngoko ke insimu yesicelo sekhowudi ye-2d ibanzi kakhulu.
Ngokomgaqo wekhowudi ye-2d, ikhowudi ye-2-dimensional inokwahlulwa ibe ngamacandelo amabini: ikhowudi ye-matrix ye-2d kunye ne-stacked / umqolo wekhowudi ye-2d.
Ikhowudi ye-Matrix 2d Ikhowudi ye-Matrix 2d, ekwabizwa ngokuba yi-chessboard ikhowudi ye-2d, ifakwe kwiikhowudi kwindawo yoxande ngonikezelo olwahlukeneyo lweepikseli ezimnyama namhlophe kwi-matrix. Kwindawo ehambelanayo yesiqalelo se-matrix, i-binary ' 1 ' imelwe yinkangeleko yamanqaku (amanqaku asisikwere, amanqaku ajikelezayo okanye ezinye iimilo), kwaye i-binary ' 0 ' ayimelwa yinkangeleko yamanqaku. Ukuvumela kunye nokudityaniswa kwamanqaku kumisela intsingiselo emelwe yibhakhowudi ye-2d yematrix. Ikhowudi yebha ye-Matrix 2d luhlobo olutsha lokwaziwa kwesimboli yegraphic ngokuzenzekelayo kunye nenkqubo yekhowudi yokucubungula esekwe kubuchwepheshe bokwenza umfanekiso wekhompyuter kunye nomgaqo odityanisiweyo wokubhala ikhowudi. I-matrix emele iibhakhowudi ze-2d ziyi-QR Code, i-Data Matrix, i-MaxiCode, i-Han Xin Code, i-Grid Matrix, njl.
Ikhowudi yeQR
Ikhowudi yeQR yiKhowudi yokuPhendula eKhawulezayo ikhowudi yematrix yokuphendula, ekwabizwa ngokuba yiDenso QR Code. Yikhowudi yebha ye-matrix ye-2d ebekwe emgangathweni yimibutho yamazwe ngamazwe, eyathi yaphuhliswa okokuqala yiDenso, eJapan, ngoSeptemba 1994. Umgangatho wesizwe waseTshayina wawubiza ngokuba yikhowudi yokuphendula ngokukhawuleza. Ukongeza kwiimpawu zekhowudi yebha ye-1d, ikwanazo iingenelo zomthamo omkhulu wolwazi, ukuthembeka okuphezulu, indawo encinci yokusebenza, ukusetyenzwa okusebenzayo kolwazi oluhlukeneyo lwesicatshulwa, ukuxhasa i-360 ° yokufunda ikhowudi yolwalathiso olungenasizathu, amandla athile okulungisa iimpazamo, kunye nobumfihlo obunamandla. kunye nokuchasana nokwenza umgunyathi. Xhasa abalinganiswa be-ASCII kunye nabalinganiswa ababanzi be-ASCII.
I-Micro QR yindlela entsha yekhowudi ye-2d ecetywayo kwi-ISO : uxwebhu lwe-2006, olufana ne-QR. Nangona kunjalo, xa kuthelekiswa nekhowudi ye-QR 2d, i-Micro QR inezi mpawu zilandelayo: isimboli esisodwa kuphela esifunekayo, kwaye umthamo uncinci.
Idatha yeMatrix
I-Data Matrix, ebizwa ngokuba yikhowudi yeDatha, yaqanjwa yi-International Data Matrix (ID Matrix) ngo-1989. I-Data Matrix inokwahlulwa ibe yi-ECC000-140 kunye ne-ECC200, i-ECC200 isetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo. IMatrix yeDatha ixhasa abalinganiswa be-ASCII kunye noonobumba ababanzi be-ASCII. isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kumthamo omncinci wokuchonga inombolo yesiriyeli yemveliso.
Igridi yeMatrix
Igridi yeMatrix, ekubhekiswa kuyo njengekhowudi yeGM, yikhowudi ye-2d yesikwere. Umzobo wekhowudi uqulunqwe ngeemodyuli ze-square macro, kwaye imodyuli nganye ye-macro yenziwe nge-6 × 6 iiyunithi zesikwere.
Ipakishwe / ifakwe kwikhowudi ye-2d
Ukupakisha / ukulandelelana kwekhowudi yebha ye-2d ikwabizwa ngokuba yi-stacking ikhowudi yebha ye-2d okanye ikhowudi yebha ye-2d ehambelanayo. Umgaqo wayo wekhowudi usekelwe kwikhowudi yebha ye-1d, ehlanganiswe kwimiqolo emibini okanye ngaphezulu njengoko kufuneka. Izuza njengelifa ezinye iimpawu zekhowudi yebha ye-1d kuyilo lwekhowudi, umgaqo wokuqinisekisa kunye nemodi yokufunda. Izixhobo zokufunda zihambelana nokuprintwa kwekhowudi yebha kunye ne-1d ikhowudi ye-teknoloji yebha. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yokwanda kwenani lemiqolo, kuyimfuneko ukumisela imiqolo, kwaye i-algorithm yokudibanisa ayifani ncam nesoftware. Ummeli woluhlu lwekhowudi yebha ye-2d: PDF417 (esetyenziswa rhoqo), i-Micro PDF417, iKhowudi 16K, i-CODABLOCK F, iKhowudi 49, njl.
PDF 417
I-PDF417 ngoku yeyona isetyenziswa kakhulu ikhowudi ye-2d. Ikhowudi yebha luhlobo lwekhowudi yoxinaniso oluphezulu, kwindawo efanayo kunekhowudi ye-2d eqhelekileyo inokwamkela ulwazi oluninzi. Isetyenziswa kakhulu kumatikiti elotho, amatikiti omoya, imiboniso yokufunda ye-ID.
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Ixesha lokuposa: Nov-22-2022